Asas, Metode & Pendekatan Perancangan IV / Meeting 13

SUSTAIN Sustainability & Smart Building

Studio Mengintegrasikan sustainability
PIC Bu Eka Diana
Focus Passive design, environmental response, energy, water, smart systems, building performance
Question “Bagaimana desain dapat bekerja lebih baik terhadap lingkungan?”
01 / CORE IDEA

Sustainability Is a Design Strategy.

Sustainability bukan sekadar menambahkan teknologi hijau setelah desain selesai. Sustainability harus dimulai dari keputusan dasar: site, orientation, massing, envelope, material, energy dan water.

CLIMATE → DESIGN → PERFORMANCE → ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE

Pertanyaan utama: Bagaimana desain dapat bekerja lebih baik terhadap lingkungan?
01 / CLIMATE

Climate

Memahami matahari, angin, hujan, temperature dan humidity.

02 / PASSIVE

Passive

Menggunakan strategi pasif sebelum mengandalkan sistem mekanis.

03 / SYSTEM

System

Energy, water, material dan building systems.

04 / PERFORMANCE

Performance

Menguji apakah keputusan desain benar-benar bekerja.

02 / GRAND THEORY

Design with Climate.

Victor Olgyay

Design with Climate

Olgyay mengembangkan pendekatan climate-responsive architecture yang menghubungkan kondisi iklim dengan keputusan arsitektur.

Climate → Biology → Technology → Architecture

Baruch Givoni

Man, Climate & Architecture

Givoni menghubungkan climate, building dan human comfort.

Strateginya meliputi: ventilation, shading, thermal mass, solar control.

Edward Mazria

Passive Solar Design

Mazria menekankan pemanfaatan kondisi lingkungan melalui strategi pasif sebelum menggunakan energi mekanis.

Ken Yeang

Bioclimatic Architecture

Ken Yeang mengembangkan hubungan antara: Building + Ecology + Climate + Landscape

McDonough & Braungart

Cradle to Cradle

Sustainability diperluas hingga material, lifecycle, waste dan ecological systems.

World Green Building Council

Contemporary Sustainability

Isu sustainability kontemporer mencakup: energy, carbon, water, health, resources dan resilience.

03 / CLIMATE RESPONSE

Read the Climate Before Designing.

Sebelum menentukan bentuk, mahasiswa harus memahami kondisi lingkungan yang mempengaruhi bangunan.

SUN

Analisis:

  • solar path
  • solar radiation
  • orientation
  • heat gain
  • shading

WIND

Analisis:

  • wind direction
  • wind speed
  • cross ventilation
  • pressure difference
  • air movement

RAIN

Analisis:

  • rainfall
  • roof drainage
  • runoff
  • rainwater harvesting
  • infiltration

TEMPERATURE

Perhatikan:

  • dry bulb temperature
  • thermal comfort
  • heat gain
  • cooling demand

HUMIDITY

Perhatikan:

  • relative humidity
  • ventilation
  • moisture
  • thermal comfort

SITE

Hubungkan climate dengan:

  • vegetation
  • topography
  • adjacent buildings
  • urban heat
Climate → Site → Building Form → Envelope → Interior
04 / PASSIVE DESIGN

Let the Building Work First.

Orientation

Atur orientasi bangunan berdasarkan solar exposure dan prevailing wind.

  • building orientation
  • solar exposure
  • wind orientation
  • site response

Shading

Kurangi solar heat gain sebelum panas masuk ke bangunan.

  • overhang
  • vertical fins
  • horizontal fins
  • screen

Ventilation

Gunakan perbedaan tekanan dan konfigurasi bukaan untuk menggerakkan udara.

  • cross ventilation
  • stack effect
  • operable opening
  • courtyard

Daylight

Memaksimalkan daylight tanpa menyebabkan excessive heat gain.

  • window-to-wall ratio
  • skylight
  • light shelf
  • shading

Thermal Mass

Memanfaatkan material dan massa bangunan untuk mengontrol perubahan temperatur.

Landscape

Vegetasi dan landscape menjadi bagian dari strategi environmental response.

05 / BUILDING ENVELOPE

The Envelope Is an Environmental Filter.

Building envelope bukan hanya kulit bangunan. Ia menjadi filter antara: OUTDOOR ↔ INDOOR

01

Sun

Solar radiation mencapai bangunan.

02

Shade

Shading mengontrol solar exposure.

03

Envelope

Material dan opening mengontrol transfer.

04

Air

Ventilation mengontrol air movement.

05

Interior

Ruang mencapai kondisi yang lebih nyaman.

06

User

Pengguna mengalami ruang.

06 / ENERGY

Reduce Demand Before Adding Technology.

Prinsip penting: Reduce → Optimize → Generate

01

Reduce

Kurangi kebutuhan energi melalui passive design.

02

Optimize

Optimalkan sistem lighting, HVAC dan equipment.

03

Generate

Gunakan renewable energy seperti photovoltaic.

04

Monitor

Gunakan data untuk mengetahui performa aktual bangunan.

07 / WATER STRATEGY

Treat Water as a System.

Collect

Rainwater

Store

Storage tank

Use

Non-potable use

Reuse

Greywater

Infiltrate

Landscape / groundwater

RAIN → COLLECT → STORE → REUSE → INFILTRATE
08 / SMART BUILDING

Smart Is Not About More Technology.

Smart building berarti bangunan mampu: sense → analyze → respond terhadap kondisi lingkungan dan pengguna.

Temperature

Sensor membaca temperatur ruang.

Temperature ↑

Shading / Cooling Response

CO₂

Sensor membaca kualitas udara dan occupancy.

CO₂ ↑

Ventilation ↑

Occupancy

Sensor membaca keberadaan pengguna.

Occupancy ↓

Lighting ↓
09 / BUILDING PERFORMANCE

Don't Say “Sustainable.” Show It.

Mahasiswa harus mampu menghubungkan: Strategy → Indicator → Evidence → Decision

Indicator Base Design Improved Design Design Decision
Daylight Opening / shading
Solar Exposure Envelope / orientation
Natural Ventilation Opening / courtyard
Energy Passive + active systems
Water Collection / reuse
ONE DESIGN QUESTION → ONE APPROPRIATE SIMULATION

Tidak semua desain harus disimulasikan dengan semua software. Pilih simulasi berdasarkan pertanyaan desain.
10 / DIGITAL PERFORMANCE TOOLS

Use Simulation to Make Better Decisions.

Ladybug Tools

Grasshopper-based environmental analysis untuk climate, solar radiation, daylight dan comfort.

ClimateStudio

Environmental simulation untuk daylight, solar radiation, energy dan climate analysis.

Autodesk Insight

Membantu mengevaluasi energy performance dan design alternatives.

Sefaira

Early-stage building performance analysis untuk energy dan daylight.

EnergyPlus

Building energy simulation engine untuk analisis energy performance.

OpenStudio

Platform untuk workflow energy modelling berbasis EnergyPlus.

IES VE

Building performance simulation untuk energy, thermal dan environmental analysis.

DesignBuilder

Interface untuk building simulation dan environmental performance analysis.

11 / DESIGN QUESTION

What if the building could respond to its environment?

Bayangkan bangunan yang tidak hanya menerima kondisi lingkungan, tetapi meresponsnya.

Matahari berubah. Angin berubah. Occupancy berubah. Temperature berubah. Dan bangunan merespons.

12 / STUDIO EXERCISE

SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY

Gunakan desain yang telah dikembangkan pada Page 12. Sekarang lakukan environmental integration terhadap desain tersebut.

01 / CLIMATE

Climate Analysis

Sun, wind, rain, temperature, humidity.

02 / PASSIVE

Passive Strategy

Orientation, shading, ventilation, daylight.

03 / ENVELOPE

Envelope Strategy

Open, porous, shaded, solid.

04 / ENERGY

Energy Strategy

Cooling, lighting, equipment, renewable energy.

05 / WATER

Water Strategy

Rainwater, reuse, infiltration.

06 / SMART

Smart System

Minimal three responsive systems.

07 / TEST

Performance Test

Compare base design with improved design.

08 / DECISION

Design Modification

Apa yang berubah setelah simulasi?

09 / ARGUMENT

Design Argument

Jelaskan mengapa keputusan tersebut dipilih.

DESIGN → SIMULATE → EVALUATE → MODIFY → SIMULATE AGAIN

STUDIO OUTPUT

01. Climate Analysis Diagram
02. Solar / Wind Analysis
03. Passive Design Strategy
04. Building Envelope Strategy
05. Energy Strategy
06. Water Strategy
07. Smart Building Concept
08. Performance Comparison
09. Design Modification
10. Sustainability Strategy Board

13 / DESIGN ARGUMENT

Evidence Changes Design.

“Saya memilih shading horizontal pada sisi ini karena analisis solar radiation menunjukkan exposure tertinggi terjadi pada periode tertentu.”
01

Question

Apa masalah lingkungan yang ingin dijawab?

02

Strategy

Strategi desain apa yang digunakan?

03

Evidence

Data atau simulasi apa yang mendukung?

04

Decision

Apa yang berubah pada desain?

QUESTION → STRATEGY → EVIDENCE → DECISION
14 / LEARNING OUTCOME

Design for Environmental Response.

01 / READ

Read

Membaca kondisi iklim dan lingkungan.

02 / RESPOND

Respond

Mengembangkan passive environmental strategies.

03 / TEST

Test

Menggunakan simulasi untuk menguji keputusan.

04 / INTEGRATE

Integrate

Mengintegrasikan energy, water dan smart systems.

15 / READING LIST

Read More.

01
Olgyay, V. — Design with Climate. Princeton University Press.
02
Givoni, B. — Man, Climate and Architecture. Architectural Science Series.
03
Mazria, E. — The Passive Solar Energy Book. Rodale Press.
04
Yeang, K. — The Green Skyscraper. Prestel.
05
McDonough, W. & Braungart, M. — Cradle to Cradle. North Point Press.
06
Lechner, N. — Heating, Cooling, Lighting. Wiley.
07
World Green Building Council — Building Sustainability Resources. Referensi kontemporer mengenai green building, health, energy dan carbon.
16 / TAKEAWAY

Make the Building Work Better.

SUSTAINABILITY is not a style. It is a way of making better architectural decisions.

Mulailah dari kondisi lingkungan. Kemudian ubah kondisi tersebut menjadi keputusan desain.

CLIMATE → CONTEXT → STRATEGY → SIMULATION → DECISION → PERFORMANCE