```php 04.8 — Iterate | Computational Design
STUDIO LEARNING SYSTEM
ITERATE
04.8
ITERATE

COMPUTATIONAL
DESIGN

Design through parameters, rules, evidence and iteration.

COURSE SYSTEM CURRICULUM 2027

METHOD STUDIO LEARNING SYSTEM

TOPIC COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN
POSITION

Computational Design
sebagai Metode Iterasi

Computational Design bukan sekadar menggunakan komputer untuk menggambar bentuk.

Dalam konteks studio, computational design digunakan sebagai cara berpikir untuk menghasilkan, menguji, membandingkan, dan memperbaiki alternatif desain.

Computational Design is not about designing by computer. It is about designing through rules, relationships, parameters, and iterative feedback.
SHIFT

From Form Making
to System Thinking

CONVENTIONAL

Form → Evaluation

Mahasiswa membuat bentuk terlebih dahulu, kemudian mengevaluasi hasilnya.

→
COMPUTATIONAL

Rules → Parameters → Form → Performance

Mahasiswa menentukan hubungan dan parameter, menghasilkan alternatif, lalu menguji performanya.

Form becomes a consequence of a design system.
ITERATION

Design is not a single answer.

GENERATE
→
TEST
→
EVALUATE
→
MODIFY
→
TEST AGAIN

Iteration mengubah proses desain dari pencarian satu jawaban menjadi eksplorasi ruang kemungkinan.

WHY

Mengapa kita perlu
melakukan iterasi?

01

Explore

Mengeksplorasi lebih banyak kemungkinan desain.

02

Test

Menguji konsekuensi dari setiap keputusan.

03

Learn

Belajar dari hasil dan kegagalan desain.

The objective is not to find the perfect first solution, but to build a process capable of producing better solutions.
PARAMETRIC THINKING

Think in Parameters

Kemampuan utama bukan pertama-tama menguasai software.

Yang lebih penting adalah kemampuan mengenali variabel, hubungan, aturan, dan konsekuensi.

ORIENTATION arah bangunan
HEIGHT tinggi massa
OPENING rasio bukaan
SHADING kedalaman shading
COURTYARD ukuran ruang terbuka
SYSTEM

Input → Parameters → Rules → Output

INPUT

Site
Climate
Program
Regulation

→
PARAMETERS

Orientation
Depth
Opening
Shading

→
RULES

Relationship
Constraint
Logic

→
OUTPUT

Form
Performance
Alternative

PROCESS

The Computational
Iteration Loop

01
DEFINE
02
PARAMETERIZE
03
GENERATE
04
SIMULATE
05
EVALUATE
06
COMPARE
07
MODIFY
08
GENERATE AGAIN
Iteration is a loop, not a final stage.
DESIGN SPACE

Explore the Design Space

Ketika beberapa parameter dapat berubah, kita memperoleh berbagai kemungkinan konfigurasi desain.

ORIENTATION 0° — 45°
BUILDING DEPTH 8m — 16m
OPENING RATIO 20% — 60%
SHADING 0.5m — 2m
A
B
C
D
E
F

One system → many possibilities.

PERFORMANCE

Design with Evidence

Spatial

  • Circulation
  • Visibility
  • Accessibility
  • Spatial efficiency

Environmental

  • Solar radiation
  • Daylight
  • Thermal performance
  • Natural ventilation

Functional

  • Area efficiency
  • Adjacency
  • Flexibility

Technical

  • Structural span
  • Material quantity
  • Constructability
Good design decisions should be explainable, not merely defendable by personal preference.
EVALUATION

Multi-Criteria Design

Arsitektur hampir selalu memiliki banyak tujuan yang kadang saling bertentangan.

CRITERIA WEIGHT A B C
Spatial Quality 25% 72 84 79
Sustainability 25% 80 88 71
Context 20% 82 81 90
Efficiency 15% 70 86 73
Constructability 15% 76 80 77
Data does not make the decision for the architect. Data informs the decision.
SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainability as
Evaluation Lens

MASSING
→
SOLAR
→
HEAT
→
SHADING
→
RE-TEST

Sustainability tidak ditempatkan sebagai checklist pada akhir desain.

Sustainability becomes part of the design feedback loop.
BALINESE ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY

Computational Design
& Arsitektur Bali

Computational Design dapat digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi prinsip arsitektur Bali, bukan sekadar menyalin bentuk tradisional.

PRINCIPLE Orientasi
Hierarchy
Threshold
Procession
→
RULES Relationship
Sequence
Proportion
→
PARAMETERS Distance
Ratio
Direction
→
NEW POSSIBILITY Contemporary Architecture
Tradition → Principle → System → Contemporary Possibility
DIGITAL WORKFLOW

From Data to
Design Decision

GIS
SITE DATA
→
BIM / 3D
MODEL
→
PARAMETRIC
SYSTEM
→
SIMULATION
TEST
→
AI / OPTIMIZATION
EXPLORE
→
DECISION
DESIGN

Software boleh berubah. Workflow dan cara berpikir tetap menjadi inti.

AI

AI + Computational Design

AI CAN

Generate

menghasilkan variasi dan kemungkinan.

AI CAN

Explore

membantu menjelajahi design space.

AI CAN

Analyze

membantu membaca dan mengelompokkan data.

ARCHITECT MUST

Decide

menentukan arah dan mempertanggungjawabkan keputusan.

AI generates possibilities.
Architects make decisions.
FAST RESPONSE

Computational Design
meets Fast Response

Fast Response melatih mahasiswa untuk merespons perubahan dengan cepat melalui proses berpikir yang terstruktur.

20
MINUTES
READ → DECIDE → GENERATE → EXPLAIN
Yang dilatih bukan sekadar menggambar cepat, tetapi rapid design reasoning.
STUDIO CHALLENGE

Computational Design Challenge

01

COMMON SITE

Semua mahasiswa mendapatkan site dan program yang sama.

02

FIVE ALTERNATIVES

Eksplorasi minimal lima konfigurasi desain.

03

TEST

Uji setiap alternatif berdasarkan kriteria yang ditentukan.

04

SELECT

Pilih alternatif berdasarkan evidence dan design reasoning.

05

ITERATE

Kembangkan kembali alternatif terpilih.

EVIDENCE

Iteration Log

ITERATION CHANGE TEST EVIDENCE DECISION
01 Orientation Solar Analysis Modify
02 Opening Daylight Simulation Keep
03 Shading Thermal Simulation Keep
04 Massing View Analysis Modify
Make the design process visible.
REFLECTION

Every Iteration
must produce Learning

01

WHAT CHANGED?

02

WHY?

03

WHAT DID YOU TEST?

04

WHAT DID YOU LEARN?

05

WHAT WILL YOU CHANGE NEXT?

Output desain + learning evidence

ROLE OF LECTURER

Teach the Thinking,
Not Only the Tool

FACILITATOR Merancang pengalaman belajar.
SYSTEM THINKER Membantu memahami parameter dan hubungan.
CRITIC Menguji kualitas keputusan desain.
DATA INTERPRETER Membantu membaca hasil analisis.
MENTOR Mengarahkan proses iterasi.
LEARNING JOURNEY

Computational Design
Across the Curriculum

DISCOVER Digital Literacy Mengenal computational thinking.
INTERPRET Analysis Membaca data dan parameter.
TRANSFORM Integrated Design Menggunakan computational design.
PROFESSIONAL Digital Workflow Collaborative digital practice.
INNOVATE Technology Innovation AI, automation, generative design.
CORE PRINCIPLE

Generate more.
Test more.
Learn faster.
Decide better.

Computational Design menjadi alat untuk meningkatkan kualitas keputusan desain.

STUDIO LOOP

The Studio Learning Cycle

GUIDE
→
RESPOND
→
MAKE
→
TEST
→
REVIEW
→
REFLECT
→
ITERATE
Iteration is not the final step.
Iteration is the learning process itself.
ASSESSMENT

What should be assessed?

01 DESIGN REASONING Kualitas argumentasi desain.
02 PARAMETRIC THINKING Kemampuan membaca hubungan dan parameter.
03 ITERATION Kualitas perubahan antar alternatif.
04 EVIDENCE Kemampuan menggunakan data.
05 REFLECTION Kemampuan belajar dari proses.
06 DECISION Kemampuan mengambil keputusan.
REFERENCES

Jurnal & Buku

01

Kolarevic, B. (2003)

Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing. Spon Press.

DOI ↗
02

Oxman, R. (2006)

Theory and design in the first digital age. Design Studies, 27(3), 229–265.

DOI ↗
03

Woodbury, R. (2010)

Elements of Parametric Design. Routledge.

DOI ↗
04

Lawson, B. (2006)

How Designers Think: The Design Process Demystified. Architectural Press.

05

Schön, D. A. (1983)

The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books.

06

Oxman, R. (2008)

Digital architecture as a challenge for design pedagogy: theory, knowledge, models and medium. Design Studies, 29(2), 99–120.

DOI ↗
ITERATE

Design.
Test.
Learn.
Iterate.

Studio Learning System — Curriculum 2027

01 ITERATE
02 POSITION
03 SHIFT
04 ITERATION
05 WHY
06 PARAMETRIC THINKING
07 SYSTEM
08 PROCESS
09 DESIGN SPACE
10 PERFORMANCE
11 EVALUATION
12 SUSTAINABILITY
13 BALINESE ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY
14 DIGITAL WORKFLOW
15 AI
16 FAST RESPONSE
17 STUDIO CHALLENGE
18 EVIDENCE
19 REFLECTION
20 ROLE OF LECTURER
21 LEARNING JOURNEY
22 CORE PRINCIPLE
23 STUDIO LOOP
24 ASSESSMENT
25 REFERENCES
26 ITERATE
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